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The simplest decoder circuit would be an AND gate because the output of an AND gate is "High" (1) only when all its inputs are "High".
A slightly more complex decoder would be the n-to-2n type binary decoders. These type of decoders are combinational circuits that convert binary information from 'n' coded inputs to a maximum of 2n unique outputs. We say a maximum of 2n outputs because in case the 'n' bit coded information has unused bit combinations, the decoder may have less than 2n outputs.
Barcode Decoder for lightpen
digital decoder used for decoding composite video signals
Barcode Decoders are more commonly known as barcode scanners or Barcode Readers. They read and convert barcodes used on Asset Labels & barcode stickers into digital ID numbers, recognize the encoded data and check against a database to identify the tagged items they have decoded.