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In computer programming, unit testing is a software design and development method where the programmer gains confidence that individual units of source code are fit for use. A unit is the smallest testable part of an application. In procedural programming a unit may be an individual program, function, procedure, etc., while in object-oriented programming, the smallest unit is a method, which may belong to a base/super class, abstract class or derived/child class. Unit testing can be done by something as simple as stepping through code in a debugger; modern applications include the use of a test framework such as xUnit. Ideally, each test case is independent from the others: substitutes like method stubs, mock objects[1], fakes and test harnesses can be used to assist testing a module in isolation. Unit tests are typically written and run by software developers to ensure that code meets its requirements and behaves as intended. Its implementation can vary from being very manual (pencil and paper) to being formalized as part of build automation.